If you can't connect at all, you probably have an SSL issue. Not sure how to get Palms to accept a self-signed or chained certificate. This is one of the reasons we bought a more expensive Thawte certificate.
You can
grep PalmOne-TreoAce /opt/zimbra/jetty/logs/access_log.2008-10-24
to see if it's getting to the server at all. Example successful login by user joeschmo:
192.168.21.91 - - [24/Oct/2008:07:16:53 -0500] "POST /Microsoft-Server-ActiveSync?Cmd=GetItemEstimate&User=joeschmo&Dev
iceId=PLMO7621E7C3&DeviceType=PalmOneTreoAce HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "PalmOne-TreoAce/2.01m01"
If you can get that far, then you can start looking in mailbox.log and sync.log (in that order).
I'm currently having problems getting a versamail 4 user to sync calendars (though email/contacts works). Users of versamail 3, which record a PalmOne-TreoAce/1.x user-agent, seem happier.
There have been at least two centro software updates this year, one versamail-specific, the other more general.
Palm - Support - VersaMail Update for Palm Centro (Sprint) smartphones Palm - Support - Centro Update for Sprint