Something similar just happened to us. A well-compressed tar file expanded to fill the entire 150MB tmpfs partition, amavisd stopped accepting mail, and thus nothing could be delivered or sent.
Code:
Sep 20 18:34:28 otto amavis[26201]: (26201-01) (!) ESMTP ABORTING: Can't write to mail file: No space left on device at (eval 56) line 584, <GEN4> chunk 91.
Sep 20 18:34:28 otto amavis[26201]: (26201-01) (!) ESMTP: NOTICE: ABORTING the session: Can't write to mail file: No space left on device at (eval 56) line 584, <GEN4> chunk 91.
Sep 20 18:34:36 otto amavis[26209]: (26209-01) (!!) ESMTP TROUBLE: 451 4.5.0 Can't flush mail file: No space left on device at (eval 56) line 619, <GEN4> line 76.
Maybe the amavisd-new parameter "$MAX_EXPANSION_QUOTA = 300*1024*1024" is somewhat too large when the tmpfs partition is only 150MB.