Problem solved.
Summary:
When I tested AS via tcp/80 only, I was unable to synchronize. Same for the Web Inteface.
Cause: our Provider refresh the public IP of the phone too quickly. Then, I tested via tcp/443. It is much more stable. The IP do not changed.
The next problem was a mismatch between my private CA certificate and the server signed certificate. It's very important to fill the configuration of AS on mobile phone with the public Hostname of ZCS Server.
Error code : 0x80072f17
URL :
Information about Microsoft ActiveSync 4.x error codes, error messages, and how to troubleshoot the error codes
All these problems was related to our internal authentication policy (our Firewall-PKI).
Thanks for the tips.